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1.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 25(1): e2252, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395189

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El uso de microorganismos benéficos en conjunto con bioestimulantes vegetales puede ser una alternativa eficiente para mejorar la productividad del fríjol. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la aplicación individual y combinada entre los bioestimulantes ME-50® y FitoMas-E® en el incremento agroproductivo del fríjol en época de siembra tardía. La investigación, se desarrolló en la Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios "Mártires de Taguasco", Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de campo con el cultivar ʻVelazco largoʼ. Los tratamientos, se distribuyeron en bloques al azar, en esquema factorial 2×2, con cinco réplicas, dos niveles ausencia y presencia del consorcio ME-50® y su combinación con la no aplicación y aplicación de FitoMas-E. Los efectos de los bioestimulantes se observaron en los parámetros de i) crecimiento: hojas por planta, área foliar y la masa seca y ii) productivos: número de vainas por planta, granos por vaina, masa de 100 granos y el rendimiento. Los resultados revelaron que la aplicación conjunta de ambos bioestimulantes fue más eficiente en el aumento del crecimiento y la productividad, que la aplicación individual y la no aplicación de bioestimulantes, al incrementar el rendimiento en 10 y 71 %, respectivamente. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que la combinación entre el ME-50® y el FitoMas-E® constituye una alternativa eficiente, económica y viable, para aumentar la productividad del fríjol en época de siembra tardía.


ABSTRACT The use beneficial of microorganisms jointly with vegetal biostimulants can be an efficient alternative to improve the productivity of beans. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of individual and joined application of the biostimulants ME-50® and FitoMas-E® in the agroproductive increase of the bean in the late sowing season. The research was conducted at the collective farmer "Martires de Taguasco", Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. An experiment was carried out under field conditions with the cultivar ʻVelazco Largoʼ. The treatments were distributed in random blocks, in a 2×2 factorial scheme, with five replications, two levels absence and presence of the ME-50® consortium and its combination with no application and application of FitoMas-E®. The biostimulants effects were observed in i) growth parameters: leaves per plant, leaf area and dry mass; ii) production parameters: number of pods per plant, grains per pod, the mass of 100 grains and yield. The results revealed that the joint application of both biostimulants was more efficient in increasing growth and productivity than the individual application and the non-application of biostimulants, due to the yield increase of 10 and 71 %, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the join application between ME-50® and FitoMas-E® constitutes an efficient, economical and viable alternative to increase bean productivity in the late sowing season.

2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 54(1): 51-60, mar. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407166

ABSTRACT

Resumen La inclusión de cultivos de cobertura invernales (CCI) en un sistema de siembra directa (SD) en reemplazo del barbecho constituye una alternativa promisoria para mejorar la salud del suelo y contribuir a la sustentabilidad ambiental de los sistemas agrícolas. Esta revisión ofrece un panorama integral de los efectos sobre el microbioma del suelo que tiene la introducción de CCI en rotación con cultivos de verano en sistemas de SD vs. el barbecho desnudo. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura que reporta los efectos de los CCI sobre los parámetros de abundancia, actividad y diversidad microbiana del suelo. Combinando 7 criterios de búsqueda se seleccionaron y analizaron 22 trabajos. El conjunto de resultados de esos trabajos muestra que la actividad enzimática del suelo se ve favorecida con la inclusión de CCI en la rotación, principalmente si estos se componen de leguminosas y mezclas de especies. Más de la mitad de esos trabajos reportan una mayor biomasa microbiana con CCI que con barbecho. Además, se advierte que los efectos de los CCI sobre los parámetros microbianos son independientes de la duración de los ensayos. Sin embargo, aún se necesitan más investigaciones básicas que permitan reducir la heterogeneidad entre estudios y comprender las complejas interacciones que ocurren entre los CCI y el microbioma del suelo.


Abstract The inclusion of winter cover crops (WCC) in no-till (NT) systems in replacement of bare fallow is a promising alternative to improve soil health and consequently, contribute to environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the use of WCC in rotation with summer cash crops under NT systems on the soil microbiome versus bare fallows. A systematic literature search was conducted to evaluate the impact of WCC on microbial parameters indicative of abundance, activity and diversity. Twenty-two papers were selected based on seven combined criteria. The results of this review show that enzyme activities in soil are enhanced with the inclusion of WCC in the rotation, particularly those that include legumes and mix of species. ln general, more than half of the analyzed papers report higher microbial biomass in soils with WCC than in bare fallow. Interestingly, the effects of WCC on microbial parameters are independent of the duration of the experiments. However, more basic research is necessary to reduce the heterogeneity of the studies and to better understand the complexity of the interactions between WCC and the soil microbiome.

3.
Med.lab ; 26(4): 391-402, 2022. ilus, Tabs
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412543

ABSTRACT

La alergia alimentaria se ha venido incrementando a nivel mundial, afectando alrededor del 1,5 % a 2,5 % de los adultos y 6 % de los niños, y tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores, debido a las dietas de restricción. Los alérgenos más prevalentes son la leche, el huevo, el trigo, la soja, los frutos secos, el maní, el pescado y los mariscos. Las leguminosas mejor estudiadas son el maní y la soja; otras leguminosas como las lentejas, garbanzos y arvejas representan la quinta causa de alergia alimentaria en el área mediterránea, en Turquía y en la India, siendo menos prevalentes en otras áreas geográficas. La alergia a las leguminosas es una entidad infrecuente en Colombia, se desconoce la prevalencia en el país. Describimos los primeros dos casos de anafilaxia por lentejas reportados en el país. Ambos pacientes menores de 18 años, con reacciones adversas tras la ingesta de leguminosas, en las cuales se demuestra alergia mediada por IgE a las lentejas y además sensibilización en el primer caso a las arvejas y garbanzos, y en el segundo caso a los frijoles. Diferentes datos sobre la prevalencia se han descrito en varias áreas geográficas, siendo mayor en países con dietas mediterráneas. Las reacciones mediadas por IgE suelen aparecer incluso con el alimento altamente cocido, debido a la termo-estabilidad de las proteínas. La reactividad cruzada más frecuente se relaciona con los garbanzos y las arvejas


Food allergy has been increasing worldwide. Affects around 1.5% to 2.5% of adults and 6% of children, and has a great impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, due to restricted diets. The most prevalent allergens are milk, egg, wheat, soy, tree nuts, peanuts, fish and shellfish. The best studied legumes are peanuts and soybeans; other legumes such as lentils, chickpeas and peas represent the fifth cause of food allergy in the Mediterranean area, Turkey and India, being less prevalent in other geographical areas. Allergy to legumes is not common in Colombia, the prevalence in the country is unknown. We describe the first two cases of legumes anaphylaxis reported in the country. Both patients were under 18 years of age, with adverse reactions after ingesting legumes, in which IgE-mediated allergy was demonstrated; in the first case to lentils, peas and chickpeas, and in the second case, to lentils and beans. Different data on prevalence have been described in various geographical areas, being higher in countries with Mediterranean diets. IgE-mediated reactions usually appear even with highly cooked food, due to the thermo-stability of proteins. The most frequent cross-reactivity is related to chickpeas and peas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Fabaceae/adverse effects , Urticaria/etiology , Colombia , Peas/adverse effects , Cicer/adverse effects , Lens Plant/adverse effects , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Anaphylaxis/etiology
4.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 24(2): e1874, jul.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361227

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El haba es una leguminosa asociada a sistemas campesinos de clima frío. En Colombia, se cultiva, principalmente, en el departamento de Nariño, donde se ha visto reducida el área y el número de materiales sembrados, debido a la disminución en los niveles de rendimiento del cultivo y la agresividad de los problemas fitosanitarios. Este estudio evaluó la diversidad de esta leguminosa, a partir de la forma y color de la semilla, en una colección de 60 accesiones de haba, discriminadas en siete variedades. Mediante el procesamiento de imágenes digitales y medición manual, se determinó la longitud polar (LP), longitud ecuatorial (LE), relación LP/LE, área (AR), grosor (GR) y peso de cien semillas (P100); además, se calcularon los parámetros de color, basados en la escala CIELab (L*, a* y b*). Las variables, se analizaron con estadística descriptiva, correlación de Pearson y el método multivariado de componentes principales (ACP). Los resultados identificaron alta diversidad de fenotipos, caracterizando, cuantitativamente, las siete variedades. Se presentó correlación alta entre las variables LP, LE y AR, igualmente, entre L* y b*. Con el biplot de los resultados de ACP, se ratificó la variabilidad de la colección y posibilitó generar una agrupación preliminar. La investigación, se puede tomar en cuenta como base para el desarrollo de trabajos de conservación y de evaluación agronómica de esta leguminosa.


ABSTRACT Fava bean is a legume associated with cold climate farming systems. In Colombia, it is grown mainly in the department of Nariño, where the area and number of planted materials have been reduced due to the decrease in crop yield levels and the aggressiveness of phytosanitary problems. This study evaluated the diversity of this legume based on seed shape and color in a collection of 60 bean materials divided into seven varieties. Through digital image processing and manual measurement, polar length (LP), equatorial length (LE), LP/LE ratio, area (AR), thickness (GR) and hundred seed weight (P100) were determined, and color parameters based on the CIELab scale (L*, a* and b*) were calculated. The variables were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and the multivariate principal component method (PCA). The results identified a high diversity of phenotypes, quantitatively characterizing the seven varieties. There was a high correlation between the variables LP, LE and AR, as well as between L* and b*. The biplot of the PCA results confirmed the variability of the collection and made it possible to generate a preliminary grouping. The research can be taken into account as a basis for the development of conservation and agronomic evaluation of this legume.

5.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(3): 381-389, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126135

ABSTRACT

El género Pseudomonas es una fuente importante de proteasas; sin embargo, su uso está restringido en la industria alimentaria. El clonaje permite aprovechar la capacidad catalítica de estas enzimas mediante su producción en microorganismos inocuos. Por otro lado, las leguminosas son fuentes ricas en proteínas, a partir de las cuales se pueden obtener compuestos con valor agregado mediante procesos de hidrólisis enzimática. En este estudio, se produjo y caracterizó una proteasa recombinante (PT4) alcalina y termoestable de Pseudomonas aeruginosa M211, para la obtención de hidrolizados proteicos de leguminosas. Para ello, el gen de la proteasa se clonó en el vector pJET1.2/blunt utilizando E. coli DHalfa como hospedero. El análisis de la secuencia nucleotídica parcial de la proteasa indicó un 99 % de similitud con Peptidasas de la Familia M4 de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. La enzima recombinante presentó un peso molecular de 80 kDa, demostró ser activa y estable en condiciones alcalinas y termófilas con un pH y temperatura óptimos de 8 y 60 °C, respectivamente, y fue inhibida por EDTA. Además, hidrolizó proteínas de semillas de Glycine max, Phaseolus lunatus, Lupinus mutabilis y Erythrina edulis, obteniéndose fracciones peptídicas menores a 40 kDa. Esta proteasa recombinante se podría utilizar en la elaboración de hidrolizados proteicos funcionales a partir proteínas de distintas fuentes y residuos agroalimentarios.


The genus Pseudomonas is an important source of proteases; however, in the food industry the use of this bacterium is restricted. Cloning allows for the use of the proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas proteases through their production in innocuous microorganisms. Leguminous are protein-rich sources from which value-added compounds can be obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, an alkaline and thermostable recombinant protease (PT4) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa M211 was cloned and characterized in order to obtain protein hydrolysates from leguminous. Therefore, protease gene was cloned into the pJET1.2 / blunt vector using E. coli DHalpha as a host. Analysis of protease partial nucleotide sequence showed 99% homology with Peptidases M4 Family from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The molecular weight of the recombinant enzyme was 80 kDa, it was active and stable under alkaline and thermophilic conditions, presented an optimum pH and temperature of 8 and 60 °C, respectively, and was inhibited by EDTA. In addition, it hydrolysed Glycine max, Phaseolus lunatus, Lupinus mutabilis y Erythrina edulis proteins, obtaining peptide fractions less than 40 kDa. This recombinant protease could be used in the elaboration of functional hydrolysates using protein from different sources and agricultural waste.


Subject(s)
Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism , Protein Hydrolysates/metabolism , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Peptide Hydrolases/genetics , Temperature , Enzyme Stability , Cloning, Molecular , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Fabaceae
6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 52(1): 61-71, mar. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155686

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las estrategias en seguridad alimentaria con cultivos de alto contenido nutricionaldeben enmarcarse en prácticas agrícolas sostenibles, orientadas a la conservación del suelo, elalto rendimiento y la inocuidad. Esta última característica implica la producción de alimentos sintrazas detectables de agroquímicos, los que podrían amenazar la salud del consumidor. Se des-arrolló un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del herbicida glifosato sobre la fertilidadquímica y microbiológica del suelo, así como su residualidad en la semilla de frijol biofortificadocultivado en el departamento de Cesar, Colombia. La metodología comprendió un análisis corre-lacional de indicadores de calidad de suelo, rendimiento del cultivo y residualidad en los granos.Los tratamientos evaluados incluyeron la aplicación o no de glifosato, el uso de coberturas sin-téticas (mulch) o naturales, frente al control manual de las malezas. Se hallaron diferenciasde rendimiento y de la respuesta de los indicadores químicos y microbiológicos en función deltratamiento y las condiciones iniciales de la rizósfera de frijol. La aplicación del herbicida glifo-sato en suelo sin mulch generó una disminución del 29% en el rendimiento, asociada a la mayorprevalencia de plagas y enfermedades fúngicas. En ninguno de los tratamientos con aplicaciónde glifosato se observó residualidad de este herbicida en semillas, pero sí de otras moléculasderivadas de insecticidas usados en el sistema local de producción. De este estudio se concluyóque en lotes de frijol biofortificado con alta presión de la maleza Cyperus rotundus (coquito), se recomienda el uso del herbicida glifosato acompañado de mulch como alternativa para mantener la productividad en el tiempo. Esto constituye un sistema de protección frente al efectonegativo del herbicida sobre ambos, el sistema radical de la planta y la microbiota del suelo.© 2019 Asociacion Argentina de Microbiologıa. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. Este es un artıculo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Abstract Strategies aimed at achieving food safety in crops of high nutritional value shouldbe carried out through sustainable agricultural practices aimed at soil conservation, high yieldand food safety. This latter characteristic implies food production without detectable tracesof agrochemicals that threaten health. The objective of this study was to assess the effect ofthe herbicide glyphosate on the chemical and biological fertility of the soil and to determineits residual activity on biofortified bean seeds in Codazzi, Department of Cesar, Colombia. Themethod included a correlational analysis of soil quality, crop yield and residuality in bean grains.The treatments included glyphosate application and synthetic and natural mulches, comparedto manual control. The results showed differences in the response of chemical, microbiologicaland yield indicators between treatments and the initial conditions of the bean rhizosphere. Theuse of the herbicide glyphosate in mulch-free soil generates yield losses of 29% associated witha higher incidence of pests and fungal diseases; in all treatments, no glyphosate residualitywas detected in seeds; however, residuality was detected in other molecules derived frominsecticides associated with the local production system. In conclusion, in plots with high weedpressure by Cyperus rotundus, the use of mulch is recommended as an alternative to maintainbean productivity over time; by offering protection against the effect of the herbicide on boththe root system of the plant and the soil microbiota of the biofortified bean crop.© 2019 Asociaci´on Argentina de Microbiolog´ıa. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is anopen access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Subject(s)
Soil Microbiology , Crops, Agricultural , Microbiota/drug effects , Biofortification , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Herbicides/pharmacology , Fabaceae , Colombia , Glycine/pharmacology
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 80(1): 23-29, Feb. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089294

ABSTRACT

Abstract Most of the wild and native legume seeds has a hard and impermeable testa, which causes physical dormancy and prevents them from germinating even when environmental conditions are favorable. The study evaluated the effect of scarification treatments on germination and enzymatic activity of Crotalaria longirostrata (Cl) and Lupinus exaltatus (Le) seeds. After scarification treatments, germination percentage (GP) and rate (GR) were assessed during 30 days after seeding (DAS); and water absorption (WA) and specific enzymatic activity (SEA) during early germination (0, 6, 18, 36, 72, 120 h) in a growing chamber at 25 °C and photoperiod of 12 h. Scarification with 98% H2SO4 15 min increased GP and GR in both species. At 30 DAS, GP and GR of Le seeds were 34% and 0.97 seeds day-1, respectively. In Cl seeds, GP was 64% and GR 0.90 seeds day-1. Scarification with H2O at 80 °C 1 min also promoted germination in Cl (52%). At 120 h after seeding, Le and Cl seeds showed already a high GP with acid scarification (31% and 48%, respectively). In seeds of both species, scarification treatments affected WA and SEA during early germination. During this period, scarification treatments that increased GP also showed a higher α-D-galactosidase activity. The maximum enzyme activity was observed 72 h after hot water scarification in Cl (82.6 U/mg total protein), followed by acid scarification (54.5 U/mg total protein). In Le, the activity peak was 36 h after acid scarification (9.5 U/mg total protein). No relationship was observed between β-glucosidase activity and GP in both species. In conclusion, during early germination of both species, the increase in GP is accompanied by a rise in α-D-galactosidase activity between 36 and 72 h after seeding; and in Cl seeds, an alternative scarification treatment to increase GP may be the use of hot water.


Resumo A maioria das sementes de leguminosas nativas e selvagens têm um tegumento rígido e impermeável, ​​o que causa dormência física e impede a germinação, mesmo se as condições ambientais forem favoráveis. O estudo avaliou o efeito de tratamentos de escarificação sobre a germinação e a atividade enzimática de sementes de Crotalaria longirostrata (Cl) e Lupinus exaltatus (Le). Após os tratamentos de escarificação, a percentagem (PG) e a velocidade de germinação (VG) foram avaliadas durante 30 dias após a semeadura (DAS); absorção de água (AA) e atividade enzimática específica (AEE) na fase inicial da germinação (0, 6, 18, 36, 72 e 120 h) em uma câmara de crescimento a 25 °C e fotoperíodo de 12 h. A escarificação com 98% de H2SO4, durante 15 min aumentou PG e VG nas duas espécies. Aos 30 DDS, PG e VG de sementes de Le foram de 34% e 0,97 sementes dia -1, respectivamente. Em sementes de Cl, PG foi de 64% e VG 0,90 sementes dias-1. A escarificação com H2O a 80 °C 1 min também promoveu a germinação em Cl (52%). A 120 h após a semeadura, as sementes de Cl e Le já tinha atingido uma alta PG com escarificação ácida (31% e 48%, respectivamente). Nas sementes das duas espécies, os tratamentos de escarificação afetaram a AEE e a AA nafase inicial da germinação. Durante este período, os tratamentos de escarificação que aumentaram PG, também mostraram a atividade mais elevada de α-D-galactosidase. A atividade enzimática máxima foi observada 72 h após o tratamento com água quente em Cl (82,6 U/mg de proteína total), seguido por escarificação ácida (54,5 U/mg de proteína total). Em Le, o pico de atividade foi de 36 h após a aplicação do tratamento ácido (9,5 U/mg de proteína total). Em contraste, não foi observado nenhuma relação entre a actividade β-glicosidase e PG. Em conclusão, durante a germinação precoce das duas espécies, o aumento da GP é acompanhado por um aumento da atividade da α-D-galactosidase entre 36 e 72 h após a semeadura; e em sementes de Cl, um tratamento de escarificação alternativo para aumentar GP pode ser o uso de água quente.


Subject(s)
Crotalaria , Lupinus , Fabaceae , Seeds , Water , Germination
8.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(6): e20200030, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133264

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The effects of energetic supplementation and mixture vetch (Vica sativa L.) were studied to evaluate the intramuscular fatty acid profile of steers finished on oat (Avena sativa L.) pastures. Eighteen 21-month-old crossbred steers were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in three treatments and six repetitions: oat pasture (OA), oat pasture + vetch (OA + VET), and oat pasture + supplementation (OA + SUP). Supplementation comprised the addition of corn meal at a daily dose of 1% of the animals' body weight. Steers receiving supplementation had higher lipid content in Longissimus lumborum than did those fed with OA + VET (1.25 vs 1.02%), whereas those fed with OA (1.15%) showed intermediate values. Conjugated linoleic acid levels were higher in steers fed OA (0.57%) and OA + SUP (0.59%), whereas the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids was observed in animals fed OA + VET (3.32%). Pasture-finishing without supplementation resulted in a lower ratio of n-6:n-3 (3.14). Steers finished in oat mixture with vetch showed healthier intramuscular fat than did those finished with cornmeal supplementation; importantly, the higher the amount of PUFAs, the better n-6:n-3 ratio.


RESUMO: Os efeitos da suplementação energética e da ervilhaca (Vica sativa L.) foram estudados para avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos intramusculares de novilhos terminados em pastagens de aveia (Avena sativa L.). Foram avaliados 18 novilhos mestiços com 21 meses de idade. O experimento foi realizado em três tratamentos e seis repetições: pastagem de aveia (OA), pastagem de aveia + ervilhaca (OA + VET) e pastagem de aveia + suplementação (OA + SUP). A suplementação compreendeu a adição de fubá na dose diária de 1% do peso corporal dos animais. Os novilhos que receberam suplementação apresentaram maior teor lipídico no Longissimus lombar do que aqueles alimentados com OA + VET (1,25 contra 1,02%), enquanto aqueles alimentados com AO (1,15%) apresentaram valores intermediários. Os níveis de ácido linoléico conjugado foram maiores em novilhos alimentados com AO (0,57%) e OA + SUP (0,59%), enquanto a maior quantidade de ácidos graxos ômega-3 foi observada em animais alimentados com OA + VET (3,32%). Animais terminados em pastagens sem suplementação apresentaram menor proporção de n-6: n-3 (3,14). Novilhos terminados em pastagem de aveia com ervilhaca apresentaram gordura intramuscular mais saudável do que aqueles terminados com suplementação de milho moído, uma vez que apresentaram maior quantidade de PUFAs e melhor a relação n-6: n-3.

9.
Colomb. med ; 49(2)Apr.-June 2018.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534258

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The consumption of saturated fats is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Objective: Review published papers on the role of macro-nutrient intake in cardiovascular risk. Results: Recent reports from the PURE study and several previous meta-analyses, show that the consumption of total saturated and unsaturated fat is not associated with risk of acute myocardial infarction or mortality due to cardiovascular disease. High carbohydrate intake was associated with the highest risk of total and cardiovascular mortality, while total fat consumption or of its different types was associated with a lower risk of mortality. A high consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes was associated with lower risk of total mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality. The consumption of 100 g of legumes, two or three times a week, ameliorated deficiencies of the nutrients contained in these foods and was associated with a reduction in the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: A healthy diet should be balanced and varied, be composed of a proportion of complex carbohydrates rich in fibber between 50-55% of the daily energy consumed, of saturated and unsaturated fat (25-30%), animal and vegetable protein (including legumes) between 15-25%, vitamins, minerals and water. These nutrients are abundantly present in fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, milk and its derivatives, eggs and meats, so public policies should promote the availability and access to these nutrients within primary prevention programs to reduce the growing prevalence of cardio-metabolic diseases.


Introducción: El consumo de grasas saturadas es considerado como un factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Revisar trabajos publicados sobre el papel de la ingesta de macro-nutrientes en el riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Varios meta-análisis y reportes del estudio PURE demuestran que el consumo de grasa total, saturada e insaturada, no se asoció con riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio o mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular. La alta ingesta de carbohidratos fue la que se asoció con mayor riesgo de mortalidad total y cardiovascular, mientras que el consumo de grasa total o de sus diferentes tipos se asoció con menor mortalidad. Un alto consumo de frutas, vegetales y legumbres se asoció con menor riesgo de mortalidad total y mortalidad no cardiovascular. El consumo de 100 g de leguminosas, dos o tres veces por semana contribuyó a mejorar las deficiencias de nutrientes contenidos en estos alimentos y está asociado con una disminución del riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Conclusión: Una dieta saludable debe ser equilibrada y variada, estar compuesta con una proporción de carbohidratos complejos ricos en fibra entre 50-55 % de la energía diaria consumida, de grasa saturada e insaturada (25-30 %), proteína animal y vegetal (incluidas las leguminosas) entre 15-25 %, vitaminas, minerales y agua. Estos nutrientes están abundantemente presentes en frutas, vegetales, cereales, leguminosas, leche y sus derivados, huevos y carnes, por lo que las políticas públicas deben promover la disponibilidad y acceso a estos nutrientes dentro de los programas de prevención primaria para disminuir la creciente prevalencia de enfermedades cardio-metabólicas.

10.
CienciaUAT ; 12(1): 84-95, jul.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001718

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La calidad y disponibilidad del forraje, principalmente de las gramíneas, disminuye en las regiones tropicales durante la época seca, ya que al madurar incrementa el contenido de carbohidratos estructurales y disminuye el de proteínas y la digestibilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el crecimiento inicial de Centrosema pubescens Benth, bajo fertilización nitrogenada y azufrada. La siembra de C. pubescens se realizó en bolsas negras de polietileno. Se evaluaron dos tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenada 0 kg/Nha-1 (-NS) y 44 kg/N-ha-1 (+NS), utilizando como fuente de nitrógeno sulfato de amonio. La fertilización se hizo al momento de la siembra, a los 15 d, 30 d y 60 d después de la siembra. El ensayo duró 12 semanas y se realizaron muestreos semanales de las siguientes variables: número de nódulos (NN), peso de nódulos (PN), longitud de raíz (LR), materia seca parcial (MSP), altura de planta (AP), índice de área foliar (IAF), tasa de acumulación neta (TAN), tasa de crecimiento del cultivo (TCC), tasa relativa de crecimiento (TRC) y área foliar específica (AFE). Se utilizó un análisis de regresión para estimar curvas de crecimiento y líneas de tendencia. El tratamiento +NS provocó la disminución significativa de NN (- 10) y PN (- 0.72 g) (P < 0.05). Resultados no significativos (P > 0.05) fueron observados en LR con 42.0 cm y 42.8 cm para +NS y -NS, respectivamente. Mientras que para MSP y AP, los tratamientos afectaron positivamente, el comportamiento (P < 0.05). El resto de las variables (IAF, TAN, TCC, TRC y AFE) no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos (P > 0.05). La fertilización con nitrógeno más azufre mejoró el establecimiento de C. pubescens con fines forrajeros.


ABSTRACT The quality and availability of forage, mainly from grasses, decreases in the tropical regions during the dry season, since when it matures it increases the content of structural carbohydrates and decreases the protein and the digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of Centro-sema pubescens Benth, under nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. The planting of C. pubescens was carried out in black polyethylene bags. Two treatments of nitrogen fertilization 0 kg/Nha-1 (-NS) and 44 kg/Nha-1 (+NS) were evaluated using ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source. Fertilization was done at the time of planting, at 15 d, 30 d and 60 d after sowing. The experiment lasted 12 weeks and weekly sampling of the following variables was done: number of nodules (NN), nodule weight (NW), root length (RL), partially dry matter (PDM), plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI), net accumulation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGC) and specific leaf area (SLA). A regression analysis was used to estimate growth curves and trend lines. The +NS treatment caused a significant decrease of NN (- 10) and NW (- 0.72 g) (P < 0.05). Nonsignificant result was observed in RL (P > 0.05) with 42.0 cm and 42.8 cm for +NS and -NS, respectively. However, for PDM and PH the treatments affected positivity their behavior (P < 0.05). The rest of the variables (LAI, NAR, CGR, RGR and SLA) were not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). Fertilization with nitrogen plus sulfur improved the establishment of C. pubescens for fodder purposes.

11.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467255

ABSTRACT

Abstract Most of the wild and native legume seeds has a hard and impermeable testa, which causes physical dormancy and prevents them from germinating even when environmental conditions are favorable. The study evaluated the effect of scarification treatments on germination and enzymatic activity of Crotalaria longirostrata (Cl) and Lupinus exaltatus (Le) seeds. After scarification treatments, germination percentage (GP) and rate (GR) were assessed during 30 days after seeding (DAS); and water absorption (WA) and specific enzymatic activity (SEA) during early germination (0, 6, 18, 36, 72, 120 h) in a growing chamber at 25 °C and photoperiod of 12 h. Scarification with 98% H2SO4 15 min increased GP and GR in both species. At 30 DAS, GP and GR of Le seeds were 34% and 0.97 seeds day-1, respectively. In Cl seeds, GP was 64% and GR 0.90 seeds day-1. Scarification with H2O at 80 °C 1 min also promoted germination in Cl (52%). At 120 h after seeding, Le and Cl seeds showed already a high GP with acid scarification (31% and 48%, respectively). In seeds of both species, scarification treatments affected WA and SEA during early germination. During this period, scarification treatments that increased GP also showed a higher -D-galactosidase activity. The maximum enzyme activity was observed 72 h after hot water scarification in Cl (82.6 U/mg total protein), followed by acid scarification (54.5 U/mg total protein). In Le, the activity peak was 36 h after acid scarification (9.5 U/mg total protein). No relationship was observed between -glucosidase activity and GP in both species. In conclusion, during early germination of both species, the increase in GP is accompanied by a rise in -D-galactosidase activity between 36 and 72 h after seeding; and in Cl seeds, an alternative scarification treatment to increase GP may be the use of hot water.


Resumo A maioria das sementes de leguminosas nativas e selvagens têm um tegumento rígido e impermeável, o que causa dormência física e impede a germinação, mesmo se as condições ambientais forem favoráveis. O estudo avaliou o efeito de tratamentos de escarificação sobre a germinação e a atividade enzimática de sementes de Crotalaria longirostrata (Cl) e Lupinus exaltatus (Le). Após os tratamentos de escarificação, a percentagem (PG) e a velocidade de germinação (VG) foram avaliadas durante 30 dias após a semeadura (DAS); absorção de água (AA) e atividade enzimática específica (AEE) na fase inicial da germinação (0, 6, 18, 36, 72 e 120 h) em uma câmara de crescimento a 25 °C e fotoperíodo de 12 h. A escarificação com 98% de H2SO4, durante 15 min aumentou PG e VG nas duas espécies. Aos 30 DDS, PG e VG de sementes de Le foram de 34% e 0,97 sementes dia -1, respectivamente. Em sementes de Cl, PG foi de 64% e VG 0,90 sementes dias-1. A escarificação com H2O a 80 °C 1 min também promoveu a germinação em Cl (52%). A 120 h após a semeadura, as sementes de Cl e Le já tinha atingido uma alta PG com escarificação ácida (31% e 48%, respectivamente). Nas sementes das duas espécies, os tratamentos de escarificação afetaram a AEE e a AA nafase inicial da germinação. Durante este período, os tratamentos de escarificação que aumentaram PG, também mostraram a atividade mais elevada de -D-galactosidase. A atividade enzimática máxima foi observada 72 h após o tratamento com água quente em Cl (82,6 U/mg de proteína total), seguido por escarificação ácida (54,5 U/mg de proteína total). Em Le, o pico de atividade foi de 36 h após a aplicação do tratamento ácido (9,5 U/mg de proteína total). Em contraste, não foi observado nenhuma relação entre a actividade -glicosidase e PG. Em conclusão, durante a germinação precoce das duas espécies, o aumento da GP é acompanhado por um aumento da atividade da -D-galactosidase entre 36 e 72 h após a semeadura; e em sementes de Cl, um tratamento de escarificação alternativo para aumentar GP pode ser o uso de água quente.

12.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 43(4): 400-407, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844493

ABSTRACT

Inga paterno is a tree legume present in various states of Mexico whose sheath is consumed in someplaces as a fruit due seed coat is sweet (Aryl). Seeds are not commonly consumed and there are few studies about its composition. The physical characteristics, nutritional and non-nutritional composition of Inga paterno seeds from México State and Puebla were analyzed. The seeds showed a significant proportion of protein and lipid. The oil from the seeds showed higher proportion of palmitic acid. Non-nutritional compounds such as phenolics, tannins, phytates, saponins and trypsin inhibitors were quantified. The seeds of the two sources of origin showed no statistically significant difference in their physical, chemical and non-nutritional characteristics; however, unlike other legumes, they exhibit high saponins content and high inhibitory trypsin activity.


Inga paterno es una leguminosa arbórea, que crece varios estados de México. La vaina se consume como fruto, debido a la cubierta dulce (Arilo) de la semilla. Ésta última, no es comúnmente consumida. Las características físicas, composición nutricional y el contenido de compuestos no nutricionales presentes en las semillas de Inga paterno provenientes de los Estados de México y Puebla fueron analizados, mostrando que las semillas son de 1.6 y 1.9 cm largo y 0.9 y 1.08 cm de ancho. Los componentes químicos principales son: proteína (20.42 y 21.59 g/100 g), carbohidratos (28.99 y 36.15 g/100 g), lípidos (9.62 y 8.55 g/100 g) para las procedentes de Ozumba y Tochimilco, respectivamente. Los aceites de las semillas de Inga paterno presentaron una proporción importante de ácido palmítico, así como ácidos 7-octadecanoico, oleico, linoleico y alfa linolénico. Se cuantificaron los compuestos no nutricionales como fenólicos (0.55 y 0.54 mg eq. de ácido gálico/g), taninos (1.46 y 1.51 mg eq. de (+)-catequina/g), fitatos (2.66 y 2.04 mg de ácido fítico/g), saponinas (32.35 y 33.38 mg de diosgenina/g) e inhibidores de tripsina (311.97 y 351.21 mg de tripsina pura inhibida/g de muestra). Ambas semillas analizadas no presentaron diferencia estadísticamente significativa en sus características físicas, químicas y no nutricionales; sin embargo, éstas presentan una elevada actividad inhibitoria de tripsina comparada con otras leguminosas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Quality , Food Composition , Fabaceae , Plants, Edible , Chemical Compounds
13.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 48(4): 342-346, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041771

ABSTRACT

Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 es una bacteria rizosférica que promueve el crecimiento vegetal de plantas leguminosas proveyéndoles hierro soluble. Un segundo mecanismo de promoción se da a través de la producción de compuestos volátiles que estimulan los mecanismos de absorción de hierro. Adicionalmente, A. agilis UMCV2 tiene la capacidad de inhibir el crecimiento de organismos fitopatógenos. En el presente trabajo se emplea una combinación de las técnicas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa e hibridación in situ con fluorescencia para detectar y cuantificar la presencia de la bacteria en los tejidos internos de la planta leguminosa Medicago truncatula. Nuestros resultados demuestran que A. agilis UMCV2 se comporta como una bacteria endófita de M. truncatula especialmente en medios donde el hierro está disponible.


Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 is a rhizosphere bacterium that promotes legume growth by solubilization of iron, which is supplied to the plant. A second growth promotion mechanism produces volatile compounds that stimulate iron uptake activities. Additionally, A. agilis UMCV2 is capable of inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. A combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques were used here to detect and quantify the presence of the bacterium in the internal tissues of the legume Medicago truncatula. Our results demonstrate that A. agilis UMCV2 behaves as an endophytic bacterium of M. truncatula, particularly in environments where iron is available.


Subject(s)
Arthrobacter/growth & development , Medicago truncatula/growth & development , Medicago truncatula/microbiology , Iron/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , In Situ Hybridization/methods , Rhizosphere , Endophytes/growth & development
14.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(6): 1038-1043, June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779832

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different gliricidia planting densities on productive and qualitative parameters. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Pedro Arle, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), in Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil. The effect of densities of 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1 was tested in biomass production (fresh and dry), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), in gliricidia leaves and tender stems. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replications. Production of leaf and stem fresh biomass; production of leaf dry matter; percentage of fresh leaves in relation to the total fresh matter; and percentage of leaf dry matter of 13 cuttings were evaluated from September 2nd, 2009 to December 18th, 2013. There was increase in the production of total fresh matter, leaf fresh matter, and leaf dry matter (P<0.05) in planting densities greater than 20,000 plants ha-1. Year effect (P<0.05) was found only for total production of fresh matter, production of fresh leaves, percentage of leaf fresh matter, leaf dry matter content and crude protein.


RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de plantio de gliricídia sobre parâmetros produtivos e qualitativos. O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental Pedro Arle, da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brasil, o efeito das densidades de cultivo de 10.000; 20.000; 30.000 e 40.000 plantas ha-1 foi testado nos rendimentos de biomassa (verde e seca), teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) em folhas e caules mais tenros de gliricidia. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A Produção de biomassa fresca de folhas e caules, a produção de massa seca de folhas, a porcentagem de folhas frescas relacionados à biomassa fresca total, a porcentagem de matéria seca nas folhas de 13 cortes foi avaliada durante o período de 02/09/2009 e 18/12/2013. As produções de biomassa fresca total, biomassa das folhas frescas, matéria seca de folhas aumentaram (P<0,05) com densidades de plantio superiores a 20.000 plantas ha-1. Foi encontrado efeito do ano (P<0,05) apenas para a produção total de biomassa fresca, produção de folhas frescas, porcentagem de biomassa de folhas frescas, teor de matéria seca das folhas e PB.

15.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(3): 478-485, mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-769679

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Embora os rizóbios não apresentem a capacidade de fixar nitrogênio em plantas de arroz, estes podem estimular o crescimento da parte aérea e da raiz, aumentando a absorção de nutrientes, como o nitrogênio, e a produtividade. Com o trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito de rizóbios em promover o crescimento de plantas de arroz em função de doses de nitrogênio (N). Efetuou-se um experimento com vasos contendo solo e plantas da cultivar IRGA 424. As plantas foram inoculadas com oito isolados de rizóbios e adubadas com doses equivalentes a 0, 40, 80 e 160kg N ha-1. Avaliou-se a matéria seca e a quantidade de N acumulada na parte aérea e o perfilhamento das plantas. O efeito do N no crescimento de arroz aumentou com a inoculação de rizóbios. A matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas inoculadas e que receberam, aproximadamente, metade da maior dose de N foi equivalente às que receberam a maior dose desse nutriente e sem inoculação. Além disso, a inoculação com rizóbios aumentou o perfilhamento e a absorção de N. A inoculação de rizóbios em arroz, embora não dispense a adubação nitrogenada, tem potencial para aumentar a produção e a eficiência do uso do N.


ABSTRACT: Although rhizobia do not show the ability to fix nitrogen in rice plants, they can stimulate shoot and root growth and even increase productivity and also can increase the plant efficiency in the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen. This study evaluated the effect of rhizobia in promoting the growth of rice plants fertilized with nitrogen (N). An experiment was developed in pots containing soil and rice of the cultivar IRGA 424. The plants were inoculated with eight isolates of rhizobia and fertilized with 0, 40, 80 and 160kg N ha-1. We evaluated the dry matter of shoots, tillering and amounts of N absorbed by the shoots. The effect of N on rice growth increased by inoculation of rhizobia. Inoculated plants and fertilized with approximately half of the higher N dose, produced shoot equivalent of the plants that received the highest dose of this nutrient and without inoculation. Moreover, inoculation with rhizobia increased tillering and absorption of N. The practice of rhizobia inoculation in rice, although not replace the nitrogen fertilization, have great potential for rice farmers, allowing greater production and efficiency of N use.

17.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 42(2): 186-190, jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-755555

ABSTRACT

Wild lupine consumption has restrictions due to the presence of alkaloids; however, these components can be reduced with a suitable thermal treatment. The aim of this research was to determine the thermal effect on chemical composition and minerals of wild lupine. Lupinus mexicanus had a reduction in protein and fat contents of 34.76 to 33.11 and 6.10 to 5.41 g/100 g of sample respectively, and an increase in ash and dietary fiber of 3.84 to 4.53 g/100 g and 20.9 to 28.48 g/100 g respectively. L. mexicanus raw seeds revealed the highest Ca content (3,252 mg/kg), L. elegans was the highest in Mg with 2,656 mg/kg. Highest Fe content was found in Lupinus rotundiflorus (82.8 mg/kg), and Lupinus exaltatus in Cu (184.4 mg/kg). All species showed similar Zn content of 73.3 mg/kg (Lupinus montanus) to 89.6 mg/kg (L. exaltatus). In all species the Cu content decreased, mainly in Lupinus elegans with a loss of 76,71 %.


El consumo de lupinos silvestres se limita por la presencia de alcaloides, sin embargo se pueden reducir con un tratamiento térmico adecuado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto térmico sobre la composición química y de minerales de lupinos. En Lupinus mexicanus se observó una reducción en proteínas y grasas de 34,76 a 33,11 g/100 g y de 6,10 a 5,41 g/100 g respectivamente, un incremento de cenizas y fibra dietaria de 3,84 a 4,53 y de 20,9 a 28,48 g/100 g. La semilla cruda de L. mexicanus reveló el más alto contenido de Ca (3252,6 mg/kg), Lupinus elegans en Mg con 2656,4 mg/kg, mientras que Lupinus rotundiflorus fue de Fe (82,8 mg/kg) y Lupinus exaltatus en Cu (184,4 mg/kg). Todas las especies mostraron similar contenido de Zn de 73,3 (L. montanus) to 89,6 mg/kg (L. exaltatus). En todas las especies disminuyó el Cu, principalmente en L. elegans con una pérdida del 76,71 %.


Subject(s)
Seeds/chemistry , Dietary Fiber , Thermic Treatment , Lupinus , Fabaceae , Minerals
18.
Acta biol. colomb ; 20(2): 223-235, mayo-ago. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-743858

ABSTRACT

Melatonin is an environmentally friendly-molecule with a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant capacity. Two pot experiments were conducted during two successive winter seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) at the wire-house of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt to study the potentiality of melatonin (100 mM and 500 mM) in alleviating the harmful effect of diluted seawater at a relatively low and high concentrations (3.85 dS/m and 7.69 dS/m, respectively) on the performance of faba bean plants. The results revealed that irrigation of faba bean plants with diluted seawater reduced growth parameters (plant height, leaves number/plant, fresh and dry weights of plant), relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), indole acetic acid, total carbohydrate, K+,Ca+2, as well as the ratios of K+/Na+ and Ca+2/Na+. Thiswasaccompanied by significant increases in phenolic content, compatible solutes (total soluble carbohydrate, free amino acids, proline), Na+ and Cl- relative to the control plants (untreated plants). On the other hand, melatonin treatments improved growth parameters, RWC, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrate, total phenolic content, indole acetic acid, K+,Ca+2 as well as K+/Na+ and Ca+2/Na+ ratios, either in the plants irrigated with tap water or with diluted seawater, as compared with corresponding controls. Meanwhile, melatonin treatments reduced the levels of compatible solutes, as well as Na+ and Cl- contents, relative to those of corresponding controls. Salinity stress and/ or melatonin treatments induced the production of new protein bands that did not occur in the control plants. Melatonin at 500 mM had a more pronounced effect in alleviating the adverse effects of the two salinity levels under study on the performance of faba bean plants than 100 mM melatonin.


La melatonina es una molécula ambientalmente amigable con una potente capacidad antioxidante y de trampa de radicales libres. Dos experimentos en materas fueron realizados en dos inviernos consecutivos (2011/2012 y 2012/2013) en instalaciones del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones, Dokki, Cairo, Egipto, para estudiar el potencial de la melatonina (100 mM and 500 mM) para disminuir los efectos nocivos del agua de mar diluida a concentraciones relativamente bajas y altas (3,85 dS/m and 7,69 dS/m, respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron que la irrigación de plantas de haba con agua de mar diluida reduce los parámetros de crecimiento (altura de la planta, número de hojas/planta, peso fresco y seco de la planta), el contenido relativo de agua (RWC), los pigmentos fotosintéticos (clorofilas a, b y carotenoides), el ácido indo lacético, los carbohidratos totales, K+, Ca+2, al igual que las relaciones K+/Na+ y Ca2+/Na+. Esto fue acompañado por un incremento significativo en el contenido de fenoles, solutos compatibles (carbohidratos solubles totales, aminoácidos libres, prolina), Na+ y Cl- en comparación con las plantas control (plantas no tratadas). De otro lado, los tratamientos con melatonina mejoraron los parámetros de crecimiento, RWC, los pigmentos fotosintéticos, carbohidratos totales, contenido fenólico total, ácido indo acético, K+,Ca+2 al igual que las relaciones K+/Na+ y Ca+2/Na+ , tanto en las plantas irrigadas con agua dulce de la llave como en las irrigadas con agua de mar diluida en comparación con los controles correspondientes. De otro lado, los tratamientos con melatonina redujeron los niveles de solutos compatibles, al igual que los contenidos de Na+ y Cl-, en comparación con los controles. El estrés por salinidad y/o los tratamientos con melatonina indujeron la producción de nuevas bandas de proteínas que no estuvieron presentes en las plantas control. El tratamiento de melatonina 500 mM tuvo un efecto más pronunciado que el tratamiento de 100 mM en disminuir los efectos adversos de los dos niveles de salinidad estudiados sobre el comportamiento de las plantas de haba.

19.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 41(4): 425-432, dic. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734787

ABSTRACT

Low glycemic index diets have been shown to improve glucose tolerance in healthy and diabetic people. However, it is necessary to diversify the diet with foods with low glycemic response. In this study, three partially substituted pasta made with semolina and flour legumes (12% Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna sinensis 10%, 12% of Cajanus cajan) were formulated and its cooking quality, acceptability, glycemic index and glycemic load were assessed. We found that the incorporation of legumes impacts the cooking quality and sensory characteristics of the product, increasing cooking losses between 78% and 557%, and the content of soluble proteins between 14% and 32%. In relation to the sensory characteristics, increases in hardness and stickiness were observed, without altering the overall appreciation (9 on a scale of 0 to 10). An Improvement of on the nutritional quality was observed, increasing the protein content between 19% and 26%. The glycemic index value found for the three pasta formulations resemble the type of slow and intermediate carbohydrate absorption.


Dietas con índices glicémicos bajos han demostrado mejorar la tolerancia a la glucosa en personas sanas y diabéticas. Sin embargo, es necesario diversificar los alimentos con bajas respuestas glicémicas. En este estudio se formularon tres pastas de sémola parcialmente sustituidas con harina de leguminosas (12% Phaseolus vulgaris, 10% de Vigna sinensis, 12% de Cajanus cajan) y evaluaron la calidad de cocción, aceptabilidad, índice glicémico y carga glicémica de las mismas. Se encontró que la incorporación de leguminosas tiene impacto en la calidad de cocción y características sensoriales del producto, incrementando significativamente las pérdidas por cocción, entre un 78% y 557%, y el contenido de proteínas solubles, entre 14% y 32%. En relación a las características sensoriales, aumenta la dureza y pegajosidad del producto, sin modificar la apreciación general del mismo, 9 en una escala de 0 a 10. La calidad nutricional del producto mejora, toda vez que se incrementa entre 19% y 26% el contenido de la proteína. El valor de índice glicémico encontrado para las tres formulaciones de pastas, corresponden al tipo de carbohidratos de absorción lenta e intermedia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food, Fortified , Food Quality , Glycemic Index , Pastas , Taste Perception , Fabaceae
20.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 51(1): 64-67, Jan-Mar/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-707004

ABSTRACT

Context Ulcer is the most common gastrointestinal disturbance resulting from an inadequate gastric mucosal defense. Several drugs are available in the market to address the disease; however, these drugs are associated with unnecessary side effects. Objectives Previous research have confirmed the efficacy of plant extracts for possible treatment of the disease. This research aims to evaluate the anti-ulcer properties of medicinal plants. Methods Methanol extracts from the leaves of Intsia bijuga, Cynometra ramiflora, Tamarindus indica, Cassia javanica, Cassia fistula, Bauhini purpurea, Senna spectabilis, Senna siamea and Saraca thaipingensis were evaluated for their anti-ulcer activity using HCl-ethanol as ulcerogen. Results All extracts showed inhibitory activity with I. bijuga, T. indica, S. spectabilis and S. thaipingensis exhibiting more than 50% inhibition. S. thaipingensis showed the highest activity at 80%. S. spectabilis and S. thaipingensis were partitioned further into hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. The aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of S. spectabilis showed significant increased in its activity while the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of S. thaipingensis gave higher activity than its aqueous portions. Conclusions We conclude that plant extracts are potential sources of new anti-ulcer agents. .


Contexto A úlcera é o distúrbio gastrointestinal mais comum que resulta de uma inadequada defesa da mucosa gástrica. Vários medicamentos estão disponíveis no mercado para tratar a doença, no entanto, estas drogas podem se associar a efeitos colaterais desnecessários. Objetivos Pesquisas anteriores confirmaram a eficácia de extratos de plantas como possível tratamento da doença. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades anti-úlcera de plantas medicinais. Métodos Extratos alcoólicos das folhas da Intsia bijuga, Cynometra ramiflora, Tamarindus indica, Cassia javanica, Cassia fistula, Bauhini purpurea, Senna spectabilis, Senna siamea e Saraca thaipingensis foram avaliados pela sua atividade anti-úlcera usando o HCl-etanol como ulcerogênico. Resultados Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitória; I.bijuga, T. Índica, S. spectabilis e S. thaipingensis mostraram mais de 50% de inibição. A S. thaipingensis mostrou a maior atividade, atingindo 80%. S. spectabilis e S. thaipingensis foram divididos mais em hexano, acetato de etila e frações aquosas. As frações aquosas e acetato de etila de S. spectabilis mostraram aumento significativo em sua atividade, enquanto que as frações hexano e acetato de etila de S. thaipingensis resultaram em maior atividade do que em partes aquosas. Conclusões Pode-se concluir que os extratos vegetais são fontes potenciais de novos agentes anti-úlcera. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Fabaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Fabaceae/classification
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